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This is a crash course in Rusyn for English speakers fluent in Ukrainian, which should help for understanding the vast majority of content in Lemko songs and songs in other Rusyn dialects | This is a crash course in Rusyn for English speakers fluent in Ukrainian, which should help for understanding the vast majority of content in Lemko songs and songs in other Rusyn dialects. | ||
== Alphabet == | == Alphabet == | ||
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Here's a summary of Rusyn letters which differ from Ukrainian which you might encounter: | Here's a summary of Rusyn letters which differ from Ukrainian which you might encounter: | ||
* В - Usually V, but sometimes makes | * В - Usually V, but sometimes makes a F sound | ||
* Л - Some speakers | * Л - Some speakers use L but others use W sound in some words (like Polish ł or Belarusian ў). [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtyRwBZEVcA Details]. | ||
* Ё - Йо | * Ё - Йо | ||
* Ы - This is not a Russism! In Rusyn there are three "I" sounds, and | * Ы - This is not a Russism! In Rusyn there are three "I" sounds, and it is distinct from І and И. This letter makes more of an "uh" sound, like the second "I" in "position" | ||
* Сь - This sound is pronounced more like "шь" (and the same is true when a softened "С" occurs automatically by proximity, e.g. with the word "ся"). So "ся" would be pronounced "shya" in Lemko but "sya" in Ukrainian | * Сь - This sound is pronounced more like "шь" (and the same is true when a softened "С" occurs automatically by proximity, e.g. with the word "ся"). So "ся" would be pronounced "shya" in Lemko but "sya" in Ukrainian. | ||
== Personal pronouns (Accusative) == | == Personal pronouns (Accusative) == | ||
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| я || я || I | | я || я || I | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ты | | ты || ти || you (singular) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| він || він || he | | він || він || he | ||
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| оно || воно || it | | оно || воно || it | ||
|- | |- | ||
| мы | | мы || ми || we | ||
|- | |- | ||
| вы | | вы || ви || you (plural) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Вы | | Вы || Ви || you (formal) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| они || вони || they | | они || вони || they | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Personal pronouns ( | == Personal pronouns (Accusative) == | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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| іх || їх || them | | іх || їх || them | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Reflexive Personal Pronouns == | == Reflexive Personal Pronouns == | ||
In Ukrainian, the pronoun "ся" has become a suffix, whereas in Rusyn it continues to be a separate word, as it was in old Ukrainian (which is still preserved in some expressions, like "Бог ся рождає" = "Бог рoждається") | In Ukrainian, the pronoun "ся" has become a suffix, whereas in Rusyn it continues to be a separate, alternate word, as it was in old Ukrainian (which is still preserved in some expressions, like "Бог ся рождає" = "Бог рoждається") | ||
Ukrainian: | Ukrainian: | ||
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Rusyn: | Rusyn: | ||
"Він помыв ся" = "Він ся помыв" = "Він помыв себе" = "Він себе помыв" | "Він помыв ся" = "Він ся помыв" = "Він помыв сі" = "Він сі помыв" = "Він помыв себе" = "Він себе помыв" | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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! Grammatical Case !! Rusyn !! Ukrainian | ! Grammatical Case !! Rusyn !! Ukrainian | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Genitive || Себе / Ся || Себе | | Genitive || Себе / Ся / Сі || Себе | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Accusative || Себе / Ся || Себе | | Accusative || Себе / Ся / Сі || Себе | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Dative | | Dative || Собі / Си || Собі | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Instrumental || Собом / Собов || Собою | | Instrumental || Собом / Собов || Собою | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Locative || Собі || Собі | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Common Vocab == | == Common Vocab == | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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| Лем || Тільки / Лиш || Only | | Лем || Тільки / Лиш || Only | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Бесіда | | Бесіда || Розмова || Conversation | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Фраїр || Коханий || Beloved (male) | | Фраїр || Коханий || Beloved (male) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Фраїрка || Кохана || Beloved (female) | | Фраїрка || Кохана || Beloved (female) | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Examples of Rusyn Pronunciation == | == Examples of Rusyn Pronunciation == | ||
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIKF1xAn70o Jordan na Łemkowyni] | * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIKF1xAn70o Jordan na Łemkowyni] | ||
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZALtzTmPz-E Hrdza - Штефан] | * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZALtzTmPz-E Hrdza - Штефан] | ||
== Additional Resources == | == Additional Resources == | ||
* [https://www.ukrainianlanguage.org.uk/read/unit18/page18-2.htm Ukrainian Grammar] | * [https://www.ukrainianlanguage.org.uk/read/unit18/page18-2.htm Ukrainian Grammar] | ||
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCOL2dtA2NXLpLaQwS2ubuhA/videos Lemko Video Tutorials] | * [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCOL2dtA2NXLpLaQwS2ubuhA/videos Lemko Video Tutorials] | ||
* [https://smile.amazon.com/Rusin-Rusyn-American-Dictionary-Nancy/dp/1930540035 Rusin/Rusyn <===> American Dictionary (Nancy J Kelly)] | * [https://smile.amazon.com/Rusin-Rusyn-American-Dictionary-Nancy/dp/1930540035 Rusin/Rusyn <===> American Dictionary (Nancy J Kelly)] | ||
* [http://lemko.org/ Lemko.org] | * [http://lemko.org/ Lemko.org] |